Enunciado

Dados | u → |   = 1 , | v | →   = 2 , ∠ ( u → , v → )   =   60 ° , a →   =   u →   +   2 v → e b →   =   2 u →   -   v → , pedem-se | a → | , | b → | e a → ⋅ b → . Desenhe os vetores u → ,   v → ,   a → e b → .

Passo 1

Fala, galera! Essa questão parece complicada, mas tem um jeitinho fácil de resolver essa parada. Só precisamos notar que | a → | = a → ⋅ a → e | b → | = b → ⋅ b → . Temos

a → ⋅ a →   = (   u →   +   2 v → ) ⋅ (   u →   +   2 v → ) = u → ⋅ u → + 4 u → ⋅ v → + 4 v → ⋅ v → = | u → | 2 + 4 u → ⋅ v → + 4 | v → | 2

b → ⋅ b →   = ( 2   u →   - v → ) ⋅ ( 2   u →   - v → ) = 4 u → ⋅ u → - 4 u → ⋅ v → + v → ⋅ v → = 4 | u → | 2 - 4 u → ⋅ v → + | v → | 2

a → ⋅ b →   = (   u →   +   2 v → ) ⋅ ( 2   u →   - v → ) = 2 u → ⋅ u → + 3 u → ⋅ v → - 2 v → ⋅ v → = 2 | u → | 2 + 3 u → ⋅ v → - 2 | v → | 2

Já sabemos que | u → |   = 1 , | v | →   = 2 , então resta determinar u → ⋅ v → . Como ∠ ( u → , v → )   =   60 ° , então

1 2 = c o s   60 ° = u → ⋅ v → | u → | | v → | ⇒ u → ⋅ v → = | u → | | v → | 2 = 1 ⋅ 2 2 = 1

Passo 2

Agora, vamos substituir | u → |   = 1 , | v | →   = 2 e u → ⋅ v → = 1 , nas expressões para | a → | , | b → | e a → ⋅ b → :

a → ⋅ a →   = | u → | 2 + 8 u → ⋅ v → + 4 | v → | 2 = 1 + 4 ⋅ 1 + 4 ⋅ 4 = 21

b → ⋅ b →   = 4 | u → | 2 - 8 u → ⋅ v → + | v → | 2 = 4 ⋅ 1 - 4 ⋅ 1 + 4 = 4

a → ⋅ b →   = 2 | u → | 2 + 3 u → ⋅ v → - 2 | v → | 2 = 2 ⋅ 1 + 3 ⋅ 1 - 2 ⋅ 4 = - 3

Por fim, usamos esses resultados para obter | a → | = a → ⋅ a → = 21 e | b → | = b → ⋅ b → = 4 = 2 . O desenho dos vetores fica mais ou menos assim

Resposta

| a → | = 21 , | b → | = 2 , a → ⋅ b →   = - 3